"Lavrenti Beria, who was also the head of the nuclear industry in the Soviet Union at the time, reportedly referred to the weapon as RDS, an acronym for 'Stalin's revenge.' (Stalin had died in 1953.)"
Gary E. Weir and Walter J. Boyne, Rising Tide; The untold story of the Russian submarines that fought the Cold War. Trident, 2003, at page 78.
http://books.google.com/books?id=3Y7DNodJqd8C&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=rds+atomic+bomb+acronym&source=bl&ots=8QYhJy5AEu&sig=Qizh0LJbf-HLr6GMYlMeoo3U-CM&hl=en&ei=FWafTe_1HKTj0gHl2IShBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFMQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=rds%20atomic%20bomb%20acronym&f=false
(b) For 楚科奇自治区, see Chukotka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukotka
(Chukotka may refer to:
* Chukchi Peninsula, the northeastern extremity of Asia in the northern part of the Russian Far East
* Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, a federal subject of Russia located on that peninsula)
(i) The Wiki page "Chukchi Penisula" shows alternate spelling in English: Chukchi Peninsula/Chukotka Peninsula/Chukotski Penisula.
(ii) okrug
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okrug
(c) More specifically uranium was around
Pevek
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevek
(a town, Arctic port and administrative center in Chaunsky District, part of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia)