Gujaratis = 温州人 + 福建人 (II)

choi

(continued)

(9) "In the 10th and 11th centuries they [Gujaratis] developed a distinct code of ethics for doing business. Again, religion played a role, especially with the Jains. Jainism was originally a protest movement against Brahmanic traditions and the privileged classes within Hinduism, rather like the Protestant revolt within Christianity, says Mr [SP] Hinduja[, a professor of sociology at Delhi University]. Jains are pacifists and vegetarians. The injunction against harming any creature, especially insects, ruled out tilling the fields. In a largely agrarian society, that left few ways to earn a living other than trade or finance. * * * keeping a low profile has been another Gujarati characteristic. The region's politicians, such as Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah—the founder of Pakistan—and Mr Modi, are renowned throughout the world, but its entrepreneurs often remain invisible, which is exactly the way they like it.
(a)
(i) Jainism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism
(section 1 Etymology)

Quote: "Jainism rejects the idea of a creator or destroyer god * * * Jainism believes every soul has the potential for salvation and to become god. * * * Jainism has been described as a transtheistic religion, as it does not teach the dependency on any supreme being for enlightenment. * * * the struggle for enlightenment is one's own."  Wikipedia

* There is no need to read the rest, which is lengthy, and does not mention the origin of the religion.
(ii) "Beginning in the 7th–5th century BCE"  Encyclopaedia Britannica, on Jainism
(b)
(i) Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948) was born to a Hindu family in  in Porbandar as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The honorific Mahatma (Sanskrit: 'high-souled,' 'venerable')—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide.  Wikipedia
(A) Mahātmā
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahātmā
(is Sanskrit for "Great Soul" (mahā great + ātman soull)
(B) Consult (4)(b) about a root of the surname Mehta.
(ii) Porbandar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porbandar

View the map only.
(c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah
(1876 – 1948; 1st Governor-General of Pakistan 1947-1948)

choi

(10) " 'Ethical business practices based on fair trade and honest dealings gave Gujarati traders a reputation of being trustworthy,' write Achyut Yagnik and Suchitra Sheth, two historians of the region. So when the Portuguese, Dutch and then the British started arriving in India from the 16th century they used Gujaratis as their principal trading partners. The headquarters of the British East India Company was originally at Surat. * * * They [Gujaratis] expanded by following the Union flag to the farthest corners of the British empire, encouraged to do so by the 'open door' policy whereby traders and merchants set up shop in its booming entrepots. * * * When the occasional colonial official cared to lift the bonnet on Queen Victoria’s empire, he usually found Gujaratis running the engine. One such was Henry Bartle Frere, consul on the east African island of Zanzibar, who observed in 1873: ' * * * Their [Gujaratis'] silent occupation of this coast from Socotra to Cape Colony is one of the most curious things of the kind that I know.' "
(a) "The headquarters of the British East India Company was originally at Surat."
(i) The company was always headquartered in London.

East India Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company
(section 8 Establishments in Britain)
(ii)
(A) "The British established their first Indian factory (trading post) at Surat (1612)."  
http://www.britannica.com/place/Surat

There is no need to read the rest of this page of Encyclopaedia Britannica -- or the next Wiki page.
(B) "The prosperity of Surat received a blow when Bombay was ceded to the English as part of the dowry for Catherine of Braganza's wedding to Charles II in 1662. Shortly afterwards, in 1668, the East India Company established a factory [trading post] in Bombay (Mumbai) and Surat began its decline."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat
(C) Catherine of Braganza
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza
(wife of King Charles II [reign 1662-1685]; Portuguese; born into the House of Braganza [of Portugal]; Catholic; She and Charles are credited with introducing the custom of drinking tea to the British court, which was common among the Portuguese nobility)
(b) An American, not Briton, coined the term

open door policy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Door_Policy
(US Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated Sept 6, 1899; section 2 A principle only)
(c) bonnet (n): "British : an automobile hood"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bonnet
(d) Henry Bartle Frere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bartle_Frere
(1815 – 1884)
(e) Socotra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra
(an island of Yemen)

choi

(11) "whereas other Indians arrived in the outposts of empire to labour on sugar plantations or build railways, Gujaratis such as Allidina Visram, the shopkeeper in east Africa, opened the stores that serviced the labourers. So commercially driven were the ethnic-Indian Ugandans, of whom about three-quarters were Gujarati, that at the peak of their success, in the mid-20th century, they contributed about a fifth of Uganda’s GDP despite numbering only about 100,000 out of a population of 8m. One of their number was the singer Freddie Mercury, born on Zanzibar in 1946."
(a) number (n): "5:  one singled out from a group : INDIVIDUAL"
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/number
(b) Freddie Mercury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mercury
(1946 – 1991; a British singer; gay and died of AIDS at 45)

(12) "Gujaratis enjoyed similar success in other colonies of the British empire, notably Kenya and South Africa. Memons, in particular, prospered in Burma, trading mainly in teak, rice and tea. The most successful was the very wealthy Sir Abdul Karim Jamal, knighted by the British in 1920. Originally from Jamnagar in Kathiawar, the 'King of Rice' even had a street named after him in Rangoon (now Yangon). Considering how well the Gujaratis did out of the empire, it seems only natural that a Jain from Palanpur, Sanjiv Mehta, should now own the East India Company itself. He snapped up the moribund company in 2005 and has opened a posh store bearing its name in London’s West End. It sells fine crockery, traditional marmalades and, inevitably, tea. To guilty Britons the company is redolent of imperial exploitation, but to Mr Mehta it is more of a brand “known all over the world, the Google of its age”. The world’s first joint-stock company has come round full circle.
(a)
(i) Abdul Karim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Karim
(a Muslim male given name)
(ii) Abdul Karim Jamal (1862-1924; Memon)
(iii) Jamal (proper name; from Arabic noun masculine for beauty): "a male given name [that has occasionally turned into a Muslim surname]"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jamal
(b) "Sanjiv Mehta * * * now own the East India Company:
(i) "Sanjiv was born in the family of diamond traders in Mumbai, India. He graduated from Sydenham College Mumbai and joined his father’s diamond business in 1983."  Wikipedia
(ii) East India Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company
(1600-1874; section 7 Indian Rebellion and disestablishment: footnote 44 quotes section 36 of East India Stock Dividend Redemption Act 1873, which dissolved the Company on June 1, 1874)
(iii) So it is unclear why BBC said this:

East India Company Returns After 135-Year Absence. BBC, Aug 13, 2010
www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10971109

two consecutive paragraphs:

"An Indian entrepreneur is relaunching the famous East India Company with the opening of a luxury food store in London on Saturday [Aug 14].  The event takes place on the same day that - more than 135 years ago - the company was dissolved [but see the preceding (ii)].

"A tiny rump of the company lived on, however, consisting of its trading name and a small tea and coffee concern.
This shadow of what was once a global trading power was acquired in 2005 by Indian businessman Sanjiv Mehta

* There is no need to read the rest of this BBC report.
(iv) Rachel Rickard Straus, East India Co Is Back, with Indian Owner. The Times of India, Aug 16, 2010
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.c ... cleshow/6316784.cms

choi

(13) "The intimate connection with the British, however, came at a price. The Gujaratis were identified as little more than colonial satraps by indigenous Burmans, Ugandans and others. So once the British left, they were often targeted by the first post-independence politicians [Burma and Uganda expelled Indians] * * * Stripped of most of their money and possessions by [Uganda's] Amin, about 27,000 Indian refugees, mostly Gujaratis, arrived in Britain * * * Dolar Popat arrived in 1971 as a 17-year-old, slightly ahead of the main influx, with £10 ($24 at the time) in his pocket. He spent £6 of it on lodgings with an Irish family in Kilburn (the only people who would take a non-white tenant), got a job as a waiter in a Wimpy restaurant for 25p an hour * * * By the time the bulk of the Ugandan Asians arrived, Mr Popat had bought a three-bedroom house in Wembley. * * * in 1977 bought his first corner-shop, with a sub-post office that gave him a fixed income. * * * Even the Conservatives, many of whom opposed the influx of Ugandan Asians, were eventually forced to acknowledge that the values of Gujaratis like Lord Popat were if anything more Thatcherite than their own.
(a) satrap (n; etymology)
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/satrap
(b) Dolar Popat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Popat
(19530 )
(c) Kilburn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilburn,_London
(an area; [named after] Kilburn Brook)
(d) Wimpy (restaurant)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimpy_(restaurant)
(e) Wembley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley
(section 1.2 Toponymy; a soccer stadium)
(f) About Sub Post Offices. National Federation of SubPostmasters (NFSP), undated.
www.nfsp.org.uk/About-sub-post-offices
(g) expulsion of Asians from Uganda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda

(14) It is a bit surprising that this essay does not mention Tata.  The following are from Wikipedia.
(a) "The Tatas are a Parsi family who originally came from state of Gujarat. The founder of the family’s fortunes was Jamsetji Tata."
(b) Tata Group (founded in 1868 by Jamshedji Tata, and based in Bombay)