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Baroque Garden (III.1)

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发布时间: 10-4-2025 11:51

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本帖最后由 choi 于 10-4-2025 12:07 编辑 (4) Palace of Versailles, with emphasis on its gardens Note: (a) (Modern) French-English dictionary: * ses (determiner): "his, her, its, their, one's" https ...

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choi 发表于 昨天 12:05
(B) G Massiot & cie, Architectural Lantern Slides. Architecture Library, University of Notre Dame, undated
https://curate.nd.edu/articles/e ... _Slides_b_/25325761
("The University of Notre Dame’s Architecture Library holds a set of about 4,500 “lantern slides” produced by the French company G. Massiot & cie. The collection is undated, but the photographs appear to have been taken between approximately 1870 and 1914, primarily between 1890 and 1910. Lantern slides were most popular, and often sold as pedagogical sets, in the early decades of the 20th century.   European architecture, with approximately 2,900 of the photographs, is the primary focus of the collection. Most come from France (~1,000) and Italy (~800); other countries are represented, but in significantly lower numbers. Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas combined are pictured in fewer than 500 slides. * * * the lantern slides present an historical look at the sites")


French words orangerie and cie are defined in (a).
(iii) orangerie
(A) Versailles Orangerie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_Orangerie
("In the winter, the Versailles Orangerie houses more than a thousand trees in boxes [planters 花盆]. * * * In 1689 gardener Valentin Lopin created a device to transport and move the large orange trees. * * * From May to October, they are put outdoors in the 'Parterre Bas.' * * * By the 15th century, sweet oranges (Citrus × sinensis) had become well-established and had assumed commercial importance in Europe. * * * There is general agreement that the arrival of the sweet orange in Europe was linked with the activities of the Portuguese during the 15th century, and particularly by Vasco de Gama's voyages to the East. * * * By withholding water and nutrients, and by using pruning techniques, French gardeners were able to make citrus trees bloom throughout the year, to the delight of Louis XIV. * * * Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie['s] writings detailed a system for protecting exotic plants from the cold without the use of artificial heating.[13]   As Louis XIV grew older he became allergic to flowers and preferred the smell of the citrus trees, developing a love for orange trees.[14] He had them potted in solid silver tubs and placed throughout the state rooms of the Palace to perfume the air.[15] The Orangerie was intended to supply the palace with specimens and supply the Court with fruit year-round [To the left of this last paragraph is a photo with the caption of 'Potted trees']")
(B) The Orangerie. Palace of Versailles, undated
https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/estate/gardens/orangery
(The Orangery building "is in an excellent position, facing directly south and sheltered from prevailing cold winds by its position below the South Parterre. * * * [under Jules Hardouin-Mansart,] The central gallery is more than 150 metres long with a 13-metre-high vaulted ceiling. * * * The 4-5-metre-thick walls, double windows and south-facing position enable it to maintain a temperature in winter that is no lower than 5°C.   To stock the Orangery, Louis XIV gathered all the orange trees from the royal houses and acquired a large number of new trees from Italy, Spain and Portugal. * * *  the Versailles orangery was soon able to boast the largest collection in Europe")
choi 发表于 昨天 11:57
(d)
(i) Gardens and Fountains. Palace of Versailles, undated
https://en.chateauversailles.fr/gardens-and-fountains
("A garden in the French style for the Sun King[:] Starting in 1661, Louis XIV embarked on the vast project of creating his estate of Versailles. Work on the gardens developed in parallel to the transformation and enlargement of the Palace, over a period of more than forty years. The Sun King was closely involved in the creation of his gardens and followed the plans of his gardener, André Le Nôtre. The latter, in charge of a colossal site, tamed the surrounding woods and marshes, and levelled the land to transform Louis XIII's small garden into an immense garden in the French manner. In this style, which was highly prized in the seventeenth century and derived from the fashion for Italian gardens, the omnipresence of symmetry and order illustrates the domestication of nature by man")
(ii) The Gardens: The Art of Perspective.
https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/estate/gardens

Please read the entire page.


(e) partetre
(i) The French masculine parterre, from preposition par on + terre), literally means "on the ground" and denoting a scene to be beholden from above (on a balcony or terrace, for instance).
(ii) parterre (theater audience)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterre_(theater_audience)
("The word parterre comes from the French par and terre and literally translated means 'on the ground.'[1] The main meaning of the word is the front section of a formal garden, but by the mid-17th century, it was also used to refer both to the ground level of a theatre where spectators stood to watch performances and to the group of spectators who occupied that space.   Although the word parterre originated in France, historians use the term interchangeably with its English equivalent, 'the pit,' to designate the same part of the audience in England, present-day Italy, and Austria.[2] * * * historians agree that cheaper parterre tickets drew a proportionately higher number of [低端人口: Beijing government would say] to the pit")
(A) In this Wiki page, a painting tn the left margin with the caption "18th-century watercolour of the Salle Richelieu in Paris" shows where people stood: in the front of the ground level around instrument players.
(B) orchestra pit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra_pit
(iii) parterre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parterre
"consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, plats, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths. Typically it was the part of the garden nearest the house, perhaps after a terrace.[1] The view of a parterre from inside the house, especially from the upper floors, was a major consideration in its design")

The "paths" in the quotation is "allées" (plural of allée; to be introduced later in this posting) in French.
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