Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)

choi

(1) Jeremy Page, The A to Z on China’s Air Defense Identification Zone. China Real Time, Nov 27, 2013
blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2013/11/27/the-a-to-z-on-chinas-air-defense-identification-zone/
(An ADIZ has no basis in international law and is not overseen by any international organization. So definitions and rules vary between different countries. Typically such zones extend well beyond a country’s airspace to give its military time to respond to potentially hostile incoming aircraft. Several countries have declared them unilaterally, including the US and Japan. Many of those countries require foreign military aircraft to identify themselves and their flight plans on entering their ADIZ. They will often intercept and escort foreign military aircraft in their ADIZ but will usually not repel them or force them to land unless they consider them a threat. The US says it only applies ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft intending to enter its airspace")

My comment:
(a) At last. For a couple of years I could not find anything about ADIZ, such as who sets the boundary, limits if any on the boundary, consultative mechanism to settle disputes, etc.
(b) airspace
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace
("By international law, the notion of a country's sovereign airspace corresponds with the maritime definition of territorial waters as being 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) out from a nation's coastline. Airspace not within any country's territorial limit is considered international, analogous to the 'high seas' in maritime law")

choi

(2) Jeremy Page, How the North American Air Defense Identification Zone Works. China Real Time, Nov 27, 2013.
blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2013/11/27/how-the-north-american-air-defense-identification-zone-works/

My comment: There is no need to read it, which is not helpful at all.

choi

(3) US law and regulation
(a) Advisory; Washington DC Metroplitan ADIZ and FRZ. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), US Department of Transportation  (effective Aug 30, 2007; No 070731)
www.faa.gov/news/updates/adiz_frz/media/DC_ADIZ-FRZ_Advisory.pdf
("Pursuant to 49 USC 40103(b), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) classifies the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Air Defense Identification Zone (DC ADIZ) and the Washington, DC Metropolitan Flight Restricted Zone (DC FRZ) as 'National
Defense Airspace.' Any person who knowingly or willfully violates the rules concerning operations in this airspace is subject to certain criminal penalties under 49 USC 46307. Pilots who do not adhere to the following procedures may be intercepted, detained and interviewed by federal law enforcement/security personnel and/or DOD [Department of Defense]")

(b) Section 6. National Security and Interception Procedures. from FAA.
www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/aim0506.html
, which is section 6, Chapter 5 within
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM); Official guide to basic flight information and ATC procedures. FAA, Aug 22, 2013.
http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/index.htm

Quote:

(i) two consecutive paragraphs:

"a. National security in the control of air traffic is governed by 14 CFR [Code of Federal Regulations] Part 99.

"b. All aircraft entering domestic U.S. airspace from points outside must provide for identification prior to entry. To facilitate early aircraft identification of all aircraft in the vicinity of U.S. and international airspace boundaries, Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ) have been established.

(ii) "d. Except when applicable under 14 CFR Section 99.7, 14 CFR Part 99 does not apply to aircraft operations:

1. Within the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia, or within the State of Alaska, and remains within 10 miles of the point of departure

(c) Fundamentally US ADIZ is different from China's newly established East Sea ADIZ in one key aspect.

Air Defense Identification Zone (North America)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Defense_Identification_Zone_(North_America)
("US Navy's Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations states the ADIZ applies only to commercial aircraft intending to enter US sovereign airspace, with a basis in international law of 'the right of a nation to establish reasonable conditions of entry into its territory.' The manual specifically instructs US military aircraft to ignore the ADIZ of other states when operating in coastal areas: The United States does not recognize the right of a coastal nation to apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter national airspace nor does the United States apply its ADIZ procedures to foreign aircraft not intending to enter US airspace")

choi

(4) Japan Air Defense Zone Violates S Korea's Territorial Airspace. Yonhap, Nov 26, 2013
english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/11/26/58/0301000000AEN20131126006651315F.html
("Japan's air defense zone extends into South Korea's airspace over its territorial waters near the southernmost island of Marado, the defense ministry spokesman said Tuesday. * * * The Chinese zone also overlaps South Korea's and includes airspace over the South Korean-controlled submerged rock of Ieodo. South Korea has lodged a complaint with China. The government in Seoul came under fire for failing to include Ieodo in its air defense zone * * * Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin said Tuesday [that] Ieodo is a submerged rock and cannot constitute a territorial issue")

Note:
(a) Marado  馬羅島
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marado
(or Mara Island; an island 8 km off the south coast of Jeju 濟州)
(b)
(i) Socotra Rock
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra_Rock
(a submerged rock 4.6 metres (15 ft) below sea level (at low tide); S Korean: Ieodo 離於島, Chinese: 苏岩礁; section 1 Hisory; 1900: Socotra Rock is discovered by the British merchant vessel Socotra)
(ii) Socotra
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra
(a small archipelago of four islands in the Indian Ocean; part of the Republic of Yemen; section 1 Etymology)