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The Spanish Sentence 'No Tengo Más Que Darte'

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发表于 2-4-2023 13:15:48 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
"No tengo más que darte"

Note:
(1) Spanish-English dictionary:
* tener (v; first-person singular present tengo): "to have"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tener
* más = more
* que = relative pronoun that, which
* darte: "infinitive of [verb] dar [to give] combined with te"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/darte
   ^ te (pronoun; from Latin ): "dative of [pronoun] tú [you (second person singular nominative)]: to you, for you"   (For nominative case, consult (2)(b)(iii) below, which basically mean (the case of a NOUN when used as) subject.)
   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/te

For dative case, consult (2)(b)(iii) below also -- for dative case there, AND dative case
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case
Read paragraph 1 only, where a drink, WERE it Latin would be in accusative case signaling a direct object of the verb.
(2) The rest is about why dar and te are connected like conjoined twins (popularly referred to as Siamese twins). The lesson will be Spanish grammar stacked up against English grammar.
(a) English infinitive:
(i) How do you use the base form of a verb in English? Collinsdictionary.com, undated (under the heading "Easy Learning Grammar")
https://grammar.collinsdictionar ... f-a-verb-in-english
("the base form [of a verb in English] is frequently used as a non-finite part of the verb. Because of this it is sometimes called the 'bare infinitive' or the 'infinitive without to' ")
(ii) The antonym of "bare infinitive" is "full infinitive," or infinitive with to. per Wiktionary.com.

(b) Spanish infinitive:
(i) Spanish verbs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_verbs
(section 1 Accidents of a verb: "A verbal accident is defined as one of the changes of form that a verb can undergo. Spanish verbs have five accidents": Person and number + Mood + Tense + Impersonal or non-finite forms of the verb + Voice. section 1.3 Tense, section 1.3.1 Impersonal or non-finite forms of the verb, section 1.3.1.1 Infinitive: "The infinitive is generally the form found in dictionaries. It corresponds to the English 'base-form' or 'dictionary form' and is usually indicated in English by 'to _____' ('to sing,' 'to write,' etc)" )
(ii) How Do You Use the Infinitive in Spanish?  Collinsdictionary.com, undated (under the heading "Easy Learning Grammar Spanish")
https://grammar.collinsdictionar ... finitive-in-spanish

"In English, the infinitive is usually thought of as being made up of two words, for example, to speak. In Spanish, the infinitive consists of one word and is the verb form that ends in -ar, -er or -ir, for example, hablar, comer, vivir.

"In Spanish, the infinitive is often used in the following ways:
* * *
• in set phrases, particularly after adjectives or nouns
        [an example] No hace falta comprar leche. We/You don't need to buy any milk.

my explanation: Individually, the verb hacer means to do, to make; the noun feminine falta, lack. But the phrase hacer falta means need to, must. The Spanish verb comprar is to buy. You can see that the infinitive comprar follows the noun falta.
(iii) Spanish pronouns
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_object_pronouns

section 1 Personal pronouns: "Personal pronouns in Spanish have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (nominative [case]), a direct object (accusative [case]), an indirect object (dative [case]), or a reflexive object. * * * Object pronouns come in two forms: clitic and non-clitic [both of which are unstressed], or stressed. With clitics, object pronouns are generally proclitic, but enclitic forms are mandatory in certain environments.

section 3 Relative pronouns, section 3.1 Que: "['from Latin [pronoun] quid [what, as in 'What can I say?' an example in Wiktionary for quid]: equivalent in English to " 'that,' 'which,' 'who,' 'whom' "

COMPARE: English has clitics also, complete with pro- and en- clitic.
• clitic (n; Did You Know?   etymology: enclitic or proclitic)
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clitic
• proclitic (adj [Merriam-webster.com lists this word as both noun and adjective])
https://www.etymonline.com/word/proclitic

(iv) Section 3 in the preceding Wiki page says one form of (Spanish) object pronoun is "clitic and non-clitic." This form is also called "weak object pronouns" in Spanish. See

Clitic Pronouns in Spanish. In Ian Mackenzie, The Linguistics of Spanish. Newcastle University, undated
https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/i.e.mackenzie/clitics.htm   

1. Introduction[:] A clitic is an item that lacks prosodic independence in connected speech, requiring a phonological 'host' [in English also, such as 've or 'll] either to its left or to its right. In the first case, the item is said to be enclitic (from Greek enklitikos 'leaning on') and in the second proclitic [leaning in front]. * * *In Spanish, the weak personal pronouns se, me, te, lo(s), la(s), le(s), nos and os are clitics, requiring a verbal host either to their right or to their left, depending on the nature of the verb form, infinitives and positive imperative forms

(vi) Spanish object pronouns
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_object_pronouns
("With infinitives and gerunds, enclitization is often, but not always, mandatory. With bare infinitives, enclitization is mandatory:
tenerlo = 'to have it'
debértelo = 'to owe it to you'
oírnos = 'to hear us' ")

Of course Spanish does not have bare (or full) infinitive. My guess us that here, the Wiki writer meant to say absent words in front of infinitives. Because in

EL CLAMOR AL DIOS VIVO. Iglesia Intercontinental Poder y Vida,
https://m.facebook.com/iipvofici ... 28/463075470843517/
had the sentence (not from Spanish or English Bible): "EL SEÑOR JESÚS PROMETIÓ QUE ESTARÍA EN NUESTRO MEDIO, EN ESTE CLAMOR; PARA NOS OÍR Y NOS ATENDER (Mateus 18:20)"
, whose Google translation of title of the page, church name and the quoted sentence are as follows:

THE CRY TO THE LIVING GOD. Power and Life Intercontinental Church, undated
THE LORD JESUS PROMISED THAT HE WOULD BE IN OUR MIDST, IN THIS CRY; TO HEAR US AND TO ATTEND TO US.

Pay attention to "PARA NOS OÍR." "Para" is before the infinitive oír to hear.

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