The First Universal Vaccination in US

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Scott Gottlieb, The Shot Heard Round the World. Wall Street Journal, Mar 26, 2011.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703858404576214482670405722.html?mod=WSJ_Books_LS_Books_8
(book review on Michael Willrich, Pox: An American History. Penguin Press, 2011)

Quote: "The study that caused the anti-MMR hysteria has been proved to be bogus, while the smallpox vaccine used a century ago carried genuine dangers.

Note:
(a) Shot heard 'round the world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_heard_%27round_the_world
(originally from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Concord Hymn" (1837), and referred to the beginning of the American Revolutionary War; Battles of Lexington and Concord)

The Battles were fought on April 19, 1775.

(b) scab (n): "a crust of hardened blood and serum over a wound"
www.m-w.com
(c) The review states "cowpox-based vaccines would eventually rout the disease from the modern world.

World Health Organization (WHO) certified the eradication of smallpox in 1979 (mainly because there is no reservoir in the world; huamn being the only host of this virus). "Smallpox is not known to be transmitted by insects or animals and there is no asymptomatic carrier state." Wikipedia.

(d) The review says "local officials refused to invest in stopping a virus that they saw as a blight of 'dark people.'"

blight (n):
"1a : a disease or injury of plants marked by the formation of lesions, withering, and death of parts (as leaves and tubers)
3: something that impairs or destroys"

(e) billy club (n)
"a heavy usually wooden club; specifically : a police officer's club"

* Origins of the name "Old Bill." Metropolitan Police Service, undated.
http://www.met.police.uk/history/oldbill.htm
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Service
(the territorial police force responsible for Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London which is the responsibility of the City of London Police; also referred to as Scotland Yard after the location of its original headquarters buildings in and around Great Scotland Yard, Whitehall. The current headquarters of the MPS is New Scotland Yard)

(f) Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 US 11 (1905)
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=197&invol=11
(Massaqchusetts state law then in force allowed bord of health of a city or town to force vaccination and revaccination of all inhabitants, with an exception bing made in favor of "children who present a certificate, signed by a registered physician, that they are unfit subjects for vaccination. One Jacobson refused, was criminally prosecuted, convivted by a jury, fined five dollars (the only punishment permitted by law), and held until he paid in full)

There is no need to read the court opinion.
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