Karoline Kan, Where Japanese Imperialism Meets Chinese Nationalism; A town watched warily as diplomatic ties appear to thaw. New York Times, May 16, 2018.
Note:
(a) "At the end of a narrow road in Fangzheng 黑龙江省哈尔滨市方正县, a remote town in northeastern China, next to a hushed forest of birch and pine trees, stands the locked iron gate of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Garden 中日友好园林. But inside is no garden. Instead, there are graves of some 5,000 Japanese who died in what was then known as Manchuria * * * [During its colonization] Japan sent over some 380,000 settlers, mostly impoverished farmers. When the Japanese surrendered in 1945, about 10,000 of these colonists were trapped in Fangzheng by the advancing Soviets. Cut off from escape, thousands died from cold, sickness and starvation, as well as group suicide."
(b) "When Japan became prosperous in the 1980s, it began repatriating its war orphans from northeastern China. They, in turn, helped their Chinese relatives and friends to move to Japan for work, study and marriage.
According to the Fangzheng government website, 38,000 people from the town — one fifth of Fangzheng's population — now live overseas, overwhelmingly in Japan."