标题: Over Half of US Abortions Now Done with Pills, Not Surgery [打印本页] 作者: choi 时间: 2-24-2022 10:54 标题: Over Half of US Abortions Now Done with Pills, Not Surgery 本帖最后由 choi 于 2-24-2022 11:00 编辑
Note:
(a)
(i) Abortion with an instrument is not "surgery" but dilation and curettage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilation_and_curettage
(D&C; section 2 Procedure)
(ii) The English noun curettage is borrowed from French, hence with accent on the last syllable.
(b) Guttmacher Institute https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttmacher_Institute
(1968- ; "The Institute is named after obstetrician-gynocologist [sic; should be gynEcologist] and former president of Planned Parenthood Alan F Guttmacher")
The official of the Institute says it is based in Manhattan an Washington, DC.
(c) "The procedure includes mifepristone, which blocks a hormone needed for pregnancy to continue, followed one or two days later by misoprostol, a drug that causes cramping that empties the womb."
(i)
(A) mifepristone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone
(section 3 Pharmacology, section 3.1 Pharmacodynamics: "In the presence of progesterone, mifepristone acts as a competitive progesterone receptor antagonist (in the absence of progesterone, mifepristone acts as a partial agonist)"/ section 4 Chemistry: 11β-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-17α-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-17β-ol-3-on; section 5 History, section 5.1 1980-1987)
Basically mifepristone hogs progesterone receptor to block access to the receptor by progesterone (agonist). As "a partial agonist," mifepristone exerts some but not enough effect on progesterone receptor.
(B) mifepristone (etymology: "perhaps from International Scientific Vocabulary amino + fe- (alteration of phen-) + pri- (alteration of prop-) + estradiol + -one" -- compare with section 4 in the preceding Wiki page) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mifepristone
(pronunciation)
(ii) misoprostol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misoprostol
(section 4 Pharmacology, section 4.1 Mechanism of action: a prostaglandin analogue)
View the chemical structure at the upper right corner of this Wiki page, which is similar to that of prostaglandin 前列腺素 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin
(section History and name: "Prostaglandins were believed to be part of the prostatic secretions" (hence so named), but actually "produced by the seminal vesicles" 储精囊)
(d) "It notes that in 32 states, medication abortions must be prescribed by physicians even though other health care providers including physician assistants can prescribe other medicines.
(i) "must be prescribed by physicians"
I do not scrutinize laws of various states. Taken at face value, the clause includes online, rather than in-person, visit.
(ii) "other health care providers including physician assistants"
Nurse practitioners may prescribe also, who earn a master's in nursing.