The 1759 Battle That Led France to Abandon New France

choi

The Lucky Moment in War; Wolfe was in despair at Quebec's geographical advantages and disease ravaging his camp. Wall Street Journal, Apr 30, 2016.
http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-lucky-moment-in-war-1461953741
(book review on D Peter MacLeod, Northern Armageddon; The Battle of the Plains of Abraham and the making of the American Revolution. Knopf, 2015)

Note:
(1) in the title of the book review, Wolfe was in despair at geography AND disease.

(2) "In 1950, during the Korean War, Gen. Douglas MacArthur presented a plan for an audacious amphibious landing at Inchon * * * The Navy balked. The landings would be difficult, if not impossible, the skeptical admirals said, owing to the treacherous tides."
(a) Battle of Inchon  仁川上陸作戰
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Inchon
(landing started on Sept 15, 1950)

Quote: "The tides at Incheon have an average range of 29 feet (8.8 meters) and a maximum observed range of 36 feet (11 meters), making the tidal range there one of the largest in the world and the littoral maximum in all of Asia. They [UN scouts] observed the tides at Inchon for two weeks and discovered that American tidal charts were inaccurate, but, fortunately, Japanese charts were quite good.

* the island of Wolmido 月尾島, at Incheon (formerly: Inchon)
(b) Lynn Montross, The Inchon Landing - Victory Over Time And Tide. Marine Corps Gazette (July 1951), at pages 26-35.
https://www.mca-marines.org/gaze ... -and-tide-july-1951

Search "tid" (which highlights both tide and tidal) and read only those.
(i) Lynn Montross
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Montross
(1895-1961)

was a man.
(ii) Lynn (name)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_(name)
(surname and given name)

(3) "The 1759 Quebec Expedition whose example inspired MacArthur and swayed those admirals has suffered no shortage of historians."

suffer (vt): "experience or be subjected to (something bad or unpleasant) <he'd suffered intense pain>"
www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/suffer
(4) "D Peter MacLeod, a curator at the Canadian War Museum"

Canadian War Museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_War_Museum
(originated in 1880; Ottawa, Ontario)
(5) "Naval power underwrote everything that [English army general James] Wolfe and the British Army accomplished in the campaign. Indeed, Adm Charles Saunders commanded 49 warships—fully one-quarter of the entire Royal Navy * * * The British, moreover, were consummate masters of amphibious warfare. The Royal Navy had developed specialized landing craft—shallow-draft boats" * * *  The greatest geographical challenge facing the British was the imposing Cap Diamant promontory, upon which the city was situated."

draft (n; akin to Old English dragan to draw): "the depth of water a ship draws especially when loaded"
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draft

choi

(7) Before you read the WSJ review further, learn basic facts about
(a) Battle of the Plains of Abraham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham
(Sept 13, 1759; introduction; section 3 Landing: "Sentries did detect boats moving along the river that morning, but they were expecting a French supply convoy to pass that night—a plan that had been changed without Vergor being notified.[32] When the boats, loaded with the first wave of British troops, were challenged, a French-speaking officer, either a Captain Fraser or Captain Donald McDonald of the 78th Fraser Highlanders, was able to answer the challenge in excellent French, allaying suspicion").
(b) opposite generals
(i) James Wolfe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe
(1727 – 1759)
(ii) Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Joseph_de_Montcalm
(1712 – 1759; father: Louis-Daniel de Montcalm; of the House of Montcalm)
(c) Battle for Canada | Montcalm and Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham Battle for Canada. Canadian War Museum, undated
www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/gallery1/clash3_e.shtml
(i) Buttes-à-Neveu "was the highest position outside city walls"
(ii) French English dictionary:
* butte (noun feminine): "mound, hillock"
* neveu (noun masculine): "nephew"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neveu

(For example: d'oncle à neveu  uncle to nephew)
(d) Desmond Morton, Quebec, 1759: Who's Missing from the Script?   On Sept 12, 1759, a quarter-millennium ago, British Gen James Wolfe landed his army under the steep bluffs that hid the Plains of Abraham and the walls of Quebec. The Toronto Star, Dec 25, 2012 (op-ed)
https://www.thestar.com/opinion/ ... rom_the_script.html
("Instead, as Wolfe had hoped, Montcalm mustered his white-coated French regulars, mixed in a few thousand motley Canadian militia and his aboriginal allies and marched them up from Beauport to the Butte a Neveu, a rocky mound between Quebec's walls and the British. Experts tell us Montcalm should have calmed down his troops and waited for the British to attack up his hill. He didn't")

(8) There is no need to read the rest of the WSJ review.

choi

(6) "The Royal Navy deposited and sustained an army of around 9,000 men on Île d’Orléans, just downstream from Quebec, and at Pointe Lévis directly opposite the fortress city. The greatest geographical challenge facing the British was the imposing Cap Diamant promontory, upon which the city was situated."

Please browse the following quickly to gain a general idea, before you explore further the geography in and around Quebec City.
(a) Cap Diamant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Diamant
(French for Cape Diamond)
(b) Quebec City
ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City
([currently] capital of the province of Quebec; section 1.4 Capital: "From 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was capital of French Canada and all of New France; from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the Province of Quebec" of UK; section 2 Geography: "Quebec City is located * * * on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River near its meeting with the St Charles River"/ section 10.1 Transportation: a ferry service connect the [Quebec] city with Lévis)
(c) Lévis, Quebec
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lévis,_Quebec
(a city; located on the south shore of the St Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City)

In one of the two map, you can see an unmarked island in the middle of St Lawrence River. This is Île d’Orléans. However, St Charles River is not shown in either map.
(d) Go to Google Map and search with (Québec City), and you will see a blue river (not marked), which comes down almost perpendicularly into St Lawrence River after crossing route 360.