Biogas and Wood Pellets

choi

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Elisabeth Rosenthal, With Peels and Pig Innards, a Swedish City Forgoes Coal
and Oil. New York Times, Dec. 11, 2010 (title in the print).
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/11/science/earth/11fossil.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=sweden&st=cse
("Both natural gas and biogas create emissions when burned, but far less
than coal and oil do. And unlike natural gas, which is pumped from deep
underground, biogas counts as a renewable energy source: it is made from
biological waste that in many cases would otherwise decompose in farm fields
or landfills and yield no benefit at all, releasing heat-trapping methane
into the atmosphere")

Note:
(a) Absolut vodka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolut_Vodka
(established in 1879 by Lars Olsson Smith [a Swede, 1836-1913] and is
produced in Åhus, Sweden; Smith renamed it "Absolut Rent Brännvin
" (Absolutely Pure Vodka); the brand was sold in 2008 to French)

(i) Åhus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85hus
(the second largest locality in Kristianstad Municipality)
(ii) vodka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodka
(The name "vodka" is a diminutive form of the Slavic word voda (water),
interpreted as little water)

(b) biogas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas
(a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence
of oxygen; comprises primarily methane and carbon dioxide)

(c) natural gas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas
(a gas consisting primarily of methane)

Quote:

"Most natural gas is created by two mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic.
Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs,
landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater
temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic
material.

(d) The article says:

"Such systems use one or more central furnaces to heat water or produce
steam that is fed into the network. It is far more efficient to pump heat
into a system that can warm an entire city than to heat buildings
individually with boilers.
(e) The "filling stations" in the penultimate paragraph refers to those for
cars.


---------------------Separately
Aubin Tyler, Pellets over petroleum; Greenfield company gets state boost in
promoting alternative to fuel oil. Boston Globe, Apr. 27, 2010.
http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2010/04/27/stimulus_funds_funneled_to_pellet_market/

My comment: Read paragraph 3 only.



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