Cloisonné 景泰藍

choi

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Eve M Kahn, Prized Chinese Crafts, Delicate and Detailed. New York Times, Jan 28, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/arts/design/28antiques.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=chinese%20enamels&st=cse

My comment:
(a) The photo is for the second report (titled On Display Underground) of this column Antiques.
(b) cloisonné
(i) cloisonné (n; French, from past participle of cloisonner to partition; First Known Use: 1863): "of, relating to, or being a style of enamel decoration in which the enamel is applied and fired in raised cells (as of soldered wires) on a usually metal background"

Both definitions are from www.m-w.com.
(ii) cloisonné
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9
(The decoration is formed by first adding compartments (cloisons in French) to the metal object by soldering or adhering silver or gold wires or thin strips placed on their edges; By the 14th century this enamel technique had spread to China, where it was soon used for much larger vessels such as bowls and vases)

Note: vitreous enamel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel
(a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 °C. The powder melts, flows, and then hardens to a smooth, durable vitreous coating on metal)

vitreous (adj; Latin vitrum glass)

(c) 景泰藍
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E6%99%AF%E6%B3%B0%E8%97%8D
(因其是在中国明朝景泰年間興盛起來，因此命名為景泰琺瑯或是景泰琅。後來又因多用寶石藍、孔雀藍色釉作為底襯色，而且「琅」的發音近似「藍」，最後演變成「景泰藍」這個名字。後來這個名字廣泛的包括所有的銅胎掐絲琺瑯)

琺瑯 falang: I do not know if the Chinese term or English word came first. In any event, there is no "falang" in English vocabulary. And I am clueless about origin of the Chinese term 琺瑯. 琺瑯IS "enamel."

(d) Bard Graduate Center
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bard_Graduate_Center
(BGC; a graduate institute affiliated with Bard College, located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York; BGC itself, founded in 1993, is located at West 86th Street in Manhattan)

Bard College took its name from its founder, John Bard.
(e) Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_D%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris
(Located in the Louvre museum's western wing)
(f) For Empress Eugénie, see Eugénie de Montijo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo
(1826-1920; wife of Napoleon III, whose reign was 1853-1871)
(g) Fontainebleau
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontainebleau
(a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris; renowned for the historical château de Fontainebleau, which once belonged to the kings of France)
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