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中美新冷戰下破滅的美國夢

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楼主
发表于 1-24-2019 15:19:08 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
馮兆音, 中美新冷戰下破滅的美國夢. BBC Chinese, Jan 24, 2019
https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/res ... ed_engineer_chinese

Note:
(a) This report is unusual because in the home page (for simplified Chinese anyway) the report has title in simplified Chinese. Click it and there is only one version of the report -- in traditional Chinese only.


(b) "2011年的夏天,洪浛檁從有「小清華」之稱的中國哈爾濱工業大學 [Harbin Institute of Technology, which Russians founded in 1920] 本科畢業,被有「小MIT(麻省理工學院)」之稱的美國伍斯特理工學院(Worcester Polytechnic Institute)機器人碩士項目錄取,成為該校第一批學習機器人工程的中國留學生。* * * 2011年到2016年間,洪浛檁在美國攻讀機器人工程碩士學位,畢業後在美國創立了智能廚具公司。 * * * 偶爾,洪浛檁會想起在美國曾經的家:有全美十大創業城市之稱的馬薩諸塞州伍斯特。  19世紀末,伍斯特仰賴附近學校培育的工業人才,成為生產砂輪 [grinding wheel] 的工業重鎮。二戰後,美國製造業式微,伍斯特一度蕭條。然而,科技人才近年來給它注入了新活力,多家全美知名的生物、機器人科技公司紮根於此,廢棄工業廠房搖身一變為創客們低成本的創業空間。"
(i) If you google, 洪浛檁 is a minor celebrity:
(A) 波士顿TNL机器人公司创始人兼首席发明家, where TNL stands for 无稽科技 Tech-No-Logic.
(B) Hanlin Hong of Rethink Robotics (based in Boston): "OneCook is a robotic private chef for you!!!"
(ii) Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI; 1865- ; co-founded by Ichabod Washburn (see (b)(iii) below); private)

To be honest, I have not heard of WPI.
(iii) Hong was with WPI 2011 to 2013 (that year graduated with a master's), a Web page says in Chinese.
(A) Hanlin Hong. AIM Laboratory, WPI, undated
http://aimlab.wpi.edu/people/Hanlin_Hong
Masters Student[,] Robotics Engineering; Faculty Gregory Fischer)
(B) "Automation and Interventional Medicine (AIM) Robotics Research Laboratory" is about "medical robotics and computer integrated surgery." AIM Laboratory, WPI, undated.
http://aimlab.wpi.edu/
(iii)
(A) Worcester, Massachusetts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts
("Named after Worcester, England, as of the 2010 Census the city's population was 181,045,[4] making it the second most populous city in New England after Boston. Worcester is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of Boston, 50 miles (80 km) east of Springfield and 40 miles (64 km) north of Providence. * * * The city features many examples of Victorian-era mill [for textile or clothing] architecture. * * * In 1831 Ichabod Washburn opened the Washburn & Moen Company. The company would become the largest wire manufacturing in the country * * * * * * Loring Coes invented the first monkey wrench" in Worcester)
(V) Worcester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester
(101 miles (163 km) west-northwest of London; River Severn; The Battle of Worcester [Result Decisive Parliamentarian victory: Escape of Charles II (whose father Charles I had been executed in 1649) + End of the English Civil War: en.wikipedia.org] in 1651 was the final battle of the English Civil War, where Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army defeated King Charles II's Royalists; "its Old English name Weorgoran ceaster, 'fort of the Weorgoran' * * * The Weorgoran (the 'people of the winding river') ")
(C) Norton Abrasives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_Abrasives
("is [note the present tense] the world's largest manufacturer and supplier of abrasives for commercial applications, household, and automotive refinishing usage. * * * was founded in 1885 by a group of ceramists * * * ")


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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 1-24-2019 15:20:54 | 只看该作者
(c) "「非傳統資訊收集者」— 這是美國衛生部所屬國家健康研究院(NIH)和聯邦調查局(FBI)用來形容美國實驗室中的中國間諜的詞彙。美國官員在去年6月警告說,某些中國科研人員利用參與NIH研究項目的機會,竊取生物科技機密,甚至在華設立同一研究方向的「影子實驗室」。"

Robert Pear, 美国官员指中国窃取生物医学研究机密. 纽约时报, Jan 8, 2019
https://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20190 ... iomedical-research/

, which is translated from

Robert Pear, US Officials Warn Health Researchers: China May Be Trying to Steal Your Data. New York Times, Jan 7, 2019
(" 'Nontraditional collectors of information,' as Dr [NIH director Francis S] Collins and Christopher A Wray, the FBI director, call the data thieves, have shared intellectual property with Beijing, run “shadow laboratories” in China and even pilfered biomedical secrets from confidential grant applications — all using a research system funded by American taxpayers")

* There is no need to read the rest of the NYT report.

(d) "著名生物科學家、北京大學終身教授饒毅 [RAO Yi (1962- )] 在2016年和2018年申請赴美簽證兩度被拒。"

Dennis Normile, A Top Chinese Brain Scientist Wonders How He Ended up on the US Visa Blacklist. Science (magazine), July 18, 2018
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/ ... d-us-visa-blacklist
(i) Most of this report is locked behind paywall.
(ii) This report is not published in print -- online only.

(e) "美中關係委員會會長歐倫斯接受《紐約時報》採訪"
(i) Based in Manhattan, National Committee on United States - China Relations (NCUSCR) "美中关系全国委员会成立于1966年,是一个私立、无党派的非营利性机构,旨在促进美中两国人民的相互了解。"  www.ncuscr.org
(ii) NCUSCR president is Stephen A Orlins.
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板凳
 楼主| 发表于 1-24-2019 15:22:32 | 只看该作者
(e) "美中關係委員會會長歐倫斯接受《紐約時報》採訪"
(i) Based in Manhattan, National Committee on United States - China Relations (NCUSCR) "美中关系全国委员会成立于1966年,是一个私立、无党派的非营利性机构,旨在促进美中两国人民的相互了解。"  www.ncuscr.org
(ii) NCUSCR president is Stephen A Orlins.

(f) "馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩分校歷史系副教授歐陽梅(Meredith Oyen)研究中美移民史多年"
(i) Meredith Oyen, Associate Professor. History Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), undated
https://history.umbc.edu/facultystaff/full-time/meredith-oyen/
("She specializes in the history of Sino-American relations, focusing her research on the role of migrants, transnational networks, and nongovernmental organizations in bilateral relations in the twentieth century"_
(ii) Oyen "received PhD in US diplomatic history from Georgetown University in 2007" "with a minor in Modern China."  from two Web sources.
(iii)
(A) University System of Maryland (USM) started with University of Maryland, Baltimore (1807; City of Baltimore; comprising professional schools (dentistry, law, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work) and graduate school,
(B) The system's flagship campus is University of Maryland, College Park (founded in 1856 as Maryland Agricultural College; a land grant college; based in City of College Park
(C) In 1966, the system established University of Maryland, Baltimore County.  City of Baltimore is an independent city; Baltimore County circles, but does not include, the city.


(g) "洪浛檁曾代表在美的外籍創業者群體,到國會與白宮遊說增設俗稱的「創業簽」。奧巴馬卸任前簽署相關行政命令,提供外國企業家在美停留五年創業的工作許可。政策在2017年12月終於生效,但在2018年5月國土安全部就提議將其撤銷,這是特朗普政府收緊簽證的又一舉措。"
(i) International Entrepreneur Rule (IER) would have issued EB-6 visas.
(A) "International Entrepreneur Rule is a regulation by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) [not a law passed by Congress] * * * Unlike the Startup Visa [despite bills submitted by members of Congress through the years, Congress never enacted StartUp Visa Act, which envisioned employment-based preference visa EB-6], this rule does not need to be approved by Congress. * * * The International Entrepreneur Rule was published in the Federal Register at the end of the Obama Administration [Jan 17, 2017 to be exact], three days before President Donald Trump was inaugurated [on Jan 20, 2017]. The rule was scheduled to go into effect six months later, on July 17, 2017, but on July 11, 2017, USCIS published a new rule with the effect of delaying this effective date until March 2018.[16] In the lawsuit National Venture Capital Assn v Duke, the NVCA and other plaintiffs challenged this delay rule as unlawful under the Administrative Procedure Act. On December 1, 2017, the federal district court for the District of Columbia granted summary judgment for the plaintiffs in this case, and ordered USCIS to implement the International Entrepreneur Rule without further delay. Two weeks later, USCIS published forms and instructions for founders seeking to apply for entrepreneur parole and began accepting applications, but stated that '[w]hile DHS complies with the court order and implements the IER parole program, DHS is also in the final stages of publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking seeking to remove the IER.' " (brackets original)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_entrepreneur_rule
(B) International Entrepreneur Parole. USCIS, May 25, 2018
https://www.uscis.gov/humanitari ... entrepreneur-parole
("On May 25, 2018, DHS proposed to eliminate the IE Final Rule because the department believes that it represents an overly broad interpretation of parole authority, lacks sufficient protections for U.S. workers and investors, and is not the appropriate vehicle for attracting and retaining international entrepreneurs."

The proposal allowed a month for comments. Still the Trump administration has said or done nothing since; basically the Rule is dead without a formal announcement.
(ii) Parole in US immigration law has a different meaning than the one in criminal law. In the former, the word means conditional, temporary admission to US.
(A) Parolee. In Definition of Terms, US Department of Homeland Security, undated
https://www.dhs.gov/immigration- ... definition-terms#16
("advance parole: authorized at an DHS District office in advance of alien's arrival; may be issued to aliens residing in the United States in other than lawful permanent resident status who have an unexpected need to travel and return, and whose conditions of stay do not otherwise allow for readmission to the United States if they depart"_

Oftentimes, immigration lawyers in American newspaper columns will suggest use of advance parole to those in US with non-immigration visas that have expired, and thus without a guarantee that they may be re-admitted once they depart (for urgent matters in their homelands).
(B) parole
https://www.etymonline.com/word/parole
shares the same Latin root with English noun parable.
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