Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) 理查森：美中竞争不可避免

choi

斯洋, 理查森：美中竞争不可避免，但两军拥有良好的工作关系. VOA Chinese, Jan 28, 2019
https://www.voachinese.com/a/us- ... ations/4762448.html
("美国海军最高军事长官约翰·理查森（ John Richardson）星期一（1月28日）在华盛顿 [智库布鲁金斯学会] 说，尽管美中现在处于竞争关系，但是，两军依然保持着良好的工作关系 * * * 理查森还说，为了避免两国海军舰船在南中国海发生误判，两国对舰船相遇的运作做出了安排，就把彼此当成简单相遇了两艘船只。 * * * 1月24日，美军一艘“阿利·伯克”级驱逐舰及一艘补给舰通过台湾海峡，在被问道这样的安排是否会造成中国军方的误判时，理查森强调， 台湾海峡是一片“国际海域”，这没有什么“含混不清”的，所以没有什么担忧")

My comment:
(a) Richardson does not mention China, South China Sea or Taiwan in his speech. He mentions them in Q&A's after the speech. (I read the transcript. See next.) The quotation below are all there is about China or Taiwan. I have no idea about what Mr William F Hederman says about "fellow Corps Six grad." (In the entire Web, this is the only Google result for "Corps Six grad.")  

William F. Hederman. Senior Fellow. Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, Univ of Pennsylvania, undated
https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/senior-fellow/william-f-hederman
("holds engineering degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Notre Dame, and a professional degree (MPP [Master of Public Policy]) from the University of California at Berkeley")
(b) C-Span 2 has a video clip more than 58 minutes (58:15 to be exact) long with transcript.

Brookings Institution Discussion on Naval Operations. C-SPAN 2, Jan 28, 2019
https://www.c-span.org/video/?45 ... dernization-efforts
(Michael O'Hanlon of "The Brookings Institution hosted Chief of Naval Operations Admiral John Richardson to discuss the Navy’s operational outlook and modernization efforts. Admiral Richardson presented his priorities and areas of focus in which ongoing improvements were being made, including technology, readiness, diversity, industry partnerships, and communications with naval counterparts around the globe, specifically China"

Quote:

(i) "This transcript was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning")

(ii) consecutive paragraphs:

00:43:47 [O'Han;pm questions:]  "FANTASTIC. MY LAST QUESTION AND THEN WE'LL GO TO THE AUDIENCE IS ABOUT CHINA AND YOUR RECENT TRIP. I'M GUESSING THERE MAY BE FOLLOW-UP ON THAT AS WELL. OF COURSE, WE'RE SEEING A LOT OF TENSION IN THE U.S.-CHINA RELATIONSHIP. SOME AT SEA, SOME ON LAND AND SOME IN CYBER NETWORKS AND MUCH IS IN TRADE. I GUESS ONE WAY TO PUT A QUESTION TO YOU CONCISELY WOULD BE TO SAY, IS THERE ANY REASSURING MESSAGE YOU CAN GIVE US IN ALL OF THIS CONTEXT, EVEN THOUGH WE REALIZE WE DO HAVE A COMPETE WITH CHINA AND WE DO HAVE TO BE RESPECTFUL OF THEIR RISE AND CAPABILITY. IS THERE ANY CALMING MESSAGE THAT YOU CAN CONVEY TO THE CROWD IN THAT'S YOUR INCLINATION, TO REASSURE SOME OF US THAT ARE SCARED THAT WE'RE HEADED TO ANOTHER HEDGE AMOUNT OF COMPETITION IF NOT A COLD WAR. IS THAT THE RIGHT TRAJECTORY THAT WE'RE ON OR DO YOU SEE SIGNS OF HOPEFULNESS IN MORE OPERATION, MODUS OPERANDI, IS THERE ANYTHING THERE TO GO ON?

00:44:56 [Richardson answers:]  "ANYTHING THAT GRASP? NO, I THINK IF THERE'S A LOT AND SO ONE THING WAS WHEN WE-- WELL, KIND OF A -- I WOULD SAY A WORKING, YOU KNOW, A GOOD WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH MY COUNTERPART IN THE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY-NAVY AND JUST AN INDICATION OF THAT, WE HOSTED AN INTERNATIONAL SEAPORT SYMPOSIUM LAST NOVEMBER. IT'S A BIG EVENT. OVER 100 NAVIES REPRESENTED MOST BY THEIR CHIEF OF NAVY IN THAT EVENT. IT'S A SINGULAR EVENT OF ITS TYPE IN THE WORLD AP MY COUNTERPART, WE INVITED HIM AND HE CAME AND WE ASKED HIM TO SPEAK ON A PANEL, HE DID. SO, THIS WAS, YOU KNOW, THIS IDEA OF CONTINUING TO MEET AND COMMUNICATE SO THAT WE CAN GET A BETTER AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF EACH OTHER'S INTENT, YOU KNOW? AND SO-- AND THEN WE WENT BACK AND ASKED FOR A PRETTY AGGRESSIVE VISIT OUR CESSSELVES OURSELVES. I WANTED TO VISIT CHINA AND RECIPROCATE. THEY WERE OPEN TO ALMOST EVERYTHING WE ASKED. WE HAD A RICH VISIT IN CHINA. HAVING SAID THAT, I DON'T THINK THAT THERE'S ANY QUESTION THAT WE'RE IN COMPETITION HERE, RIGHT? AND THIS -- AS WE CONTINUE TO GROW, AS CHINA CONTINUES TO GROW, THERE'S GOING TO BE AREAS WHERE WE HAVE COMMON INTERESTS. I WOULD SAY NORTH KOREA, THE NORTH KOREAN PENINSULA IS WHERE WE HAVE LARGELY COMMON INTERESTS. THE IDEA OF INCREASING PROSPERITY FOR BOTH OF OUR NATIONS, THAT'S A TRAJECTORY WE BOTH WANT TO STAY ON FOR THE BETTERMENT OF OUR PEOPLE AND WE HAVE AREAS WHERE THERE ARE DISAGREEMENTS. THERE JUST IS. OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THOSE SORTS OF THINGS ARE JUST AT ODDS RIGHT NOW. AND SO THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF MY VISIT IS ONE, TO CONTINUE TO GET A DEEPER AND DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF EACH OTHER'S INTENT. WE WERE VERY CLEAR ABOUT OUR INTENT, RIGHT? WE DIDN'T SHY AWAY FROM ALL OF THOSE POINTS. THEY WERE VERY CLEAR ABOUT THEIRS AND WE CONTINUE TO KIND LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER. AS WE NAVIGATE THESE AND RESOLVE THESE DIFFERENCES, WE'VE GOT TO DO SO IN A WAY THAT MINIMIZES RISK. RIGHT? SO YOU TALKED ABOUT THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THERE IS AN OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENT IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA FOR WHEN WAR SHIPS OF OUR TWO NATIONS MEET. THERE'S THE RULES OF BEHAVIOR AND OF CODE FOR UNPLANNED ENCOUNTERS THAT ALLOWS US TO PASS AS, YOU KNOW, TWO SHIPS WITHOUT INCREASING RISK, WITHOUT MAKING IT MORE DIFFICULT. AND WE MADE THAT POINT VERY CLEAR THAT WE SHOULD-- WHEN WE DO THIS AND IT'S GOING TO HAPPEN MORE FREQUENTLY AS THE PLAN GROWS AND BECOMES MORE OPERATIONAL, AS THIS PERHAPS MORE FREEWAY FREQUENTLY, OUR COMMANDERS MAKE IT EASIER TO PASS EACH OTHER. WE DON'T NEED TO LOOK AT THE HIGH SEAS AS THREATS. I WOULDN'T CATEGORIZE IT. WE'RE JUST TWO SHIPS PASSING, LET'S NOT MAKE IT DIFFICULT BY MANEUVERING IN FRONT OF ONE ANOTHER. THIS IS FOR ALL MARITIME FORCES, NAVY, COAST GUARD AND MARITIME MILITIA ACROSS ALL OF OUR MARITIME FORCES, SO WE DON'T HAVE A MISCALCULATION THAT WOULD FLARE UP INTO SOMETHING THAT INSTANTLY BECOMES STRATEGIC, RIGHT? WHICH IS ANOTHER REASON FOR HAVING THIS DIALOG. CERTAINLY THERE'S UNDERSTANDING EACH OTHER'S INTENT, THERE'S RISK REDUCTION AND ALSO, YOU KNOW, IF SOMETHING SHOULD HAPPEN WE CAN CALL EACH OTHER UP AND DEESCALATE THAT BEFORE IT GETS TOO HOT.

(iii) consecutive paragraphs:

00:51:18 [O'Hanlon:]  "OKAY, A COUPLE [of questions] MORE, FURTHER BACK, LET'S GO TO THE GENTLEMAN NEXT TO YOU, AND THEN UP HERE TO THE GENTLEMAN IN THE STRIPED TIE IN THE SIXTH ROW.

00:51:26  "THANK YOU VERY MUCH, ADMIRAL. I'M WITH THE CHINESE NEWS AGENCY IN HONG KONG. I KNOW LAST WEEK TWO U.S. NAVY SHIPS PASSED THROUGH THE TAIWAN STRAITS AND I'M WONDERING HOW YOU WERE INTERACTING WITH CHINESE NAVY OVER THERE WHEN THE TWO SHIPS PASSED THROUGH THE TAIWAN STRAITS? AND WILL YOU SEND THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER IN THE FUTURE TO SAIL THROUGH THE TAIWAN STRAITS? ARE YOU CONCERNED THAT WILL CAUSE A MISUNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES? MENTS [comments by host O'Hanlon?] DO YOU WANT TO TAKE THAT OR TAKE ONE MORE FIRST.

00:52:07 [Richardson answers:] "EITHER WAY.

00:52:08 [O'Hanlon says:]  "GO HERE, YES, PLEASE.

00:52:11 [a questioner named Henderman introduces himself] "THANK YOU. BILL HEDERMAN FROM UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND A FELLOW CORPS SIX GRAD. SO MY QUESTION RELATES TO YOUR POINT ABOUT CREATIVITY AND FAITH IN OUR ABILITY TO BE THE MOST CREATIVE. IT SEEMS LIKE SOME OF OUR ADVERSARIES HAVE BEEN PARTICULARLY CREATIVE ABOUT STEALING OUR IDEAS. ARE WE MAKING GOOD PROGRESS ON THAT SIDE OF THE EQUATION?

00:52:40:[Richardson answers:]  "OKAY. WELL, I'LL START WITH THAT ONE, MR. HEDERMAN, IF I COULD. THE ANSWER TO THAT IS YES AND SOME OF THIS IS PRETTY LOW HANGING FRUIT WITH RESPECT TO THE BEHAVIORS AND PROTOCOLS THAT ARE IN PLACE FOR A CLEAR DEFENSE CONTRACTORS. WE'VE MADE THIS A PART OF OUR CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS. SECOND KIRTZ, OUR ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR RDA, RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION HAS LAID THOSE IN, A PRETTY AGGRESSIVE TIMELINE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THOSE AND SO I THINK THAT THAT WILL MAKE IT LESS EASY FOR HACKING INTO THOSE TYPES OF SYSTEMS. AND SO, YEAH, WE'RE MAKING GOOD PROGRESS THERE AND YOU KNOW, I AGREE, WHEN YOU JUST TAKE STUFF, IT MAKES YOUR R & D CYCLE MUCH SHORTER, DOESN'T IT? WITH RESPECT TO THE QUESTION ABOUT TAIWAN. INTERNATIONAL WATERS, THE TAIWAN STRAIT, RIGHT? SO SHOULDN'T BE AMBIGUOUS ABOUT THAT, AND SO WHEN THOSE TWO SHIPS WENT THROUGH THE RESPONSE WAS PROFESSIONAL AND SO THERE ARE NO CONCERNS THERE. WITH RESPECT TO FUTURE OPERATIONS, ALWAYS NOT A GREAT IDEA TO FORECAST WHAT WE'RE GOING TO BE DOING IN THE FUTURE, BUT THEY'RE INTERNATIONAL WATERS, AND SO, ANYTHING THAT CAN SAIL THROUGH INTERNATIONAL WATERS WOULD SEEM TO BE ELIGIBLE TO SAIL IN THOSE WATERS.


------------------------Jan 30
Last night I figured out "fellow Corps Six grad,” which is meant to be "fellow Course Six” grad.”

I was a researcher at Department of Biology at MIT for seven months. People in MIT like to think they are science-minded, and names of MIT buildings (academic, but not dormitories or student center, gym etc) and courses (ie, departments) are numbered. So EECS is Course 6. (To me, that is unusual among American colleges, but not something worthy of pride or excitement (as many MIT people display). It is idiosyncratic, I will say.)

"Course 6" is jargon that no outsider will comprehend. But Mr Hederman was addressing the admiral, whose understanding of the term Hederman knew.

About CNO John M Richardson:
(a) Born in 1960 in Virginia, Richardson graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1982 with a Bachelor of Science in Physics.
(b) Admiral John M Richardson, USN. Chief of Naval Operations. US Navy, undated
https://www.usna.edu/TridentProgram/Then-and-Now/Richardson.php
("He holds master's degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and National Security Strategy from the National War College
(c) Meg Murphy, Ties with MIT Run Deep for the US Navy's Top Officer; Chief of Naval Operations Admiral John Richardson SM '89, EE '89, ENG '89 poses global challenges to academe. MIT News, July 6, 2018.
http://news.mit.edu/2018/ties-wi ... ohn-richardson-0706
(i) There is no need to read the text, which is not informative.
(ii) Degree Programs. Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, MIT, undated
https://www.eecs.mit.edu/academi ... ram/degree-programs
("The EECS Department offers four graduate degree programs: 1. Master of Science (SM) * * * 2. Master of Engineering (MEng) * * * 3. Electrical Engineer (EE)/Engineer in Computer Science (ECS)[;] 5. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)/Doctor of Science (ScD), awarded interchangeably")