The Most Expensive Michelin-Starred Restaurants in the World

choi

William Hicks, The Most Expensive Michelin-Starred Restaurants in the World. Chef'sPencil, Dec 1, 2021.
https://www.chefspencil.com/most ... rants-in-the-world/

Note:
(1) Sublimotion Ibiza
https://www.sublimotionibiza.com
Is on the island of Ibiza.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibiza
(2) Paul Pairet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Pairet
has no Chinese name and his Ultraviolet restaurant has Shanghai's only three stars by Michelin.

(3) For Kitcho Arashiyama Honten, see KYOTO KITCHO Arashiyama
https://kyoto-kitcho.com/en/restaurant/arashiyama/
("In 1948, the KYOTO KITCHO Arashiyama opened in what had been the second home of a dealer in antiques")
(a) Click "ABOUT US" tab in the top horizontal bar, and the new Web page says, "With tea-ceremony kaiseki [懐石] as the basis, we at Kyoto Kitcho * * * Ever since opening a tiny Japanese restaurant in Osaka in 1930, founder Yuki Teiichi devoted himself unflaggingly to cuisine * * * Origin of the name 'KITCHO' [which is the sectional heading] [:] When founder Yuki Teiichi opened his first restaurant in Osaka, he asked local painter Suma Taisui to come up with a name that could be used anywhere in Japan. Taisui chose the name 'Kitcho' from good luck ('kitchou') bamboo branches sold at Imamiya Ebisu Shrine in Naniwa-ku, Osaka, as charms to ensure business prosperity.
(i) KYŌTO KITCHŌ  京都 吉兆 (What is this t?  Kanji 吉 has kichi (principal) or kitsu as Chinese pronunciation, and yoshi as Japanese pronunciation. Japanese pronounce each and every syllable in the same length of time (except when there is along vowel, that is). Japanese did not want to pronounce kichi-chō but instead pronounce ki- -chō.'  In other words, Japanese leave a blank of one syllable or skip a syllable (without pronouncing it, so that the length of kitchō remains three syllables, and yet they have to pronounce merely two syllables. In writing, the letter t signifies the skipping of a syllable WHEN the next syllable is cho or chō. Hepburn romanization dictates this. See (3)(a)(iv) below.
(ii) Japanese-English dictionary:
* kitchō 吉兆(P); 吉徴 【きっちょう】 (n): "lucky omen; good omen"
* honten 本店 【ほんてん】 (n): "(See 支店) head office; main office; main store; flagship store"
* arashi 嵐 【あらし】 (n): "storm; tempest"
* kikō 寄稿 【きこう】 (n,v): "contribution (e.g. to newspaper)"
(iii) "The kanji characters used to write 'kaiseki' (懐石) literally mean 'breast-pocket stone.' ​These kanji are thought to have been incorporated by Sen no Rikyū (1522–1591) [千 利休 (inventor of 茶道)], to indicate the frugal meal served in the austere style of chanoyu (Japanese tea ceremony). The idea came from the practice where Zen monks would ward off hunger by putting warm stones into the front folds of their robes, near their stomachs."  en.wikipedia.org for kaiseki.
(iv) YUKI Tei-ichi  湯木 貞一  (The tei signifies a long vowel of te.)
(v) SUMA Taisui   須磨 対水 (1868 - 1955, his painting is similar to Chinese ink painting).  
• Kanji 水 has sui (hiragana: すい) and mizu (みず) as Chinese and Japanese pronunciations, respectively.
• Romanization of Japanese
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese
(section 2 Modern systems, section 2.1 Hepburn: "is the most widely-used system of romanization for the Japanese language. Originally published in 1867 by American missionary James Curtis Hepburn" where shi, す is su, and a long vowel of o can be ō, oh or ou)
• 須磨
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/須磨
("摂津国の地名。現在の兵庫県神戸市須磨区にあたる。瀬戸内海を臨む須磨の浦で名高い白砂青松の景勝地")

my translation: name of a place in 摂津国, corresponding to the present-day 兵庫県神戸市須磨区. The bay / inlet (浦, whose Japanese pronunciation is ura) 須磨 facing 瀬戸内海 is 景勝地 famous 名高い for 白砂 and 青松.
(b) I am going to explain "Arashiyama."

At the bottom of
https://kyoto-kitcho.com/en/restaurant/arashiyama/
, click "FACT SHEET" tab at the bottom horizontal bar, and the new Web page says,

"Company name                KYOTO KITCHO Co., Ltd
Headquarters                58, Susukinobaba-cho, Saga Tenryuji, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto City, 616-8385
Representative                Tokuoka Kunio, President and CEO
Founder                        Yuki Teiichi
Foundation                November 21, 1930
Incorporation                July 29, 1991"
(i) Kyoto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto
(section 2 Geography, section 2.3 Administrative divisions)

Do not read; view map only.
(ii) Kyoto Imperial Palace 京都御所 is located in 京都府京都市上京区. (京都府 Kyoto Prefecture contains Kyoto City 京都市 and others, and its capital is 京都市. 上京区 is pronounced Kamigyō-ku.)
(iii) The vast western flank of Kyoto is Ukyō-ku 右京区 -- vast because fewer people live there compared to downtown. And the vast eastern flank is Sakyo-ku        左京区. (Kanji 右 has two Chinese pronunciatiomns: u and yū. Kanji 左 also has two Chinese pronunciations: sa and sha.)

The reason for the 右 and 左 orientation in Kyoto (which was capital of Japan until 1868) is as follows: Japanese emperor, following the tradition of Chinese counterpart, sat in his throne facing SOUTH. Hence Japanese emperor's right is west.
(iv) Back in the page of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto
, there is just one Arashiyama if you search the page with the term. Click it and you will see Arashiyama 嵐山 and Ōi River 大堰川 or 大井川 (The river is mostly called 大堰川 and both 大堰川 and 大井川 are pronounced the same (Ōi River), though kanji 堰 has Chinese pronunciation en and Japanese pronunciation seki.
• 三戸 雅文 (国土交通省 近畿地方整備局 淀川河川事務所長), 近年の出水を踏まえた淀川河川事務所の取り組み. undated (under the heading 寄稿, which is defined in ()().
http://jiti.co.jp/g/2021/03/29/post-1426/
, where you should take notice of 桂川, which flows through Kyoto and is a tributary of 淀川. The latter empties into Seto Inland Sea via Osaka.

In this map, 桂川 has two tributaries, one of which is not named with Hiyoshi 日吉 Dam (so named due to its location at 京都府南丹市日吉町) -- that is 大堰川.
(c) Imamiya Ebisu Shrine  今宮戎神社
https://www.imamiya-ebisu.jp/
(i) This is its official Web page (in Japanese only).
(ii) Click the "歴史・由緒" tab in the top horizontal bar, and the new Web page states in the first two paragraphs:

"今宮戎神社は大阪市浪速区恵美須西一丁目に鎮座し、天照皇大神・事代主命・外三神を奉斎し、その創建は皇紀1260年（西暦600年）推古天皇の御代に聖徳太子が四天王寺を建立に当り、同地西方の守護神として鎮齋せられ、市場鎮護の神として尊崇せられたと伝えられています。

"戎さまは、ご存知のように左脇に鯛を右手に釣竿をもっておられます。そのお姿は、もともと漁業の守り神であり、海からの幸をもたらす神を象徴しています。当社の鎮座地もかつては海岸沿いにあり、平安中期より朝役として一時中断があるものの宮中に鮮魚を献進していました

my rough translation:

"今宮戎神社 sits at 大阪市浪速区恵美須 [whose pronunciation is Ebisu] 西一丁目, and serves three gods. It was founded in 600 AD. In the reign 御代 of 推古天皇 [the first female emperor of Japan] 聖徳太子 [nephew of 推古天皇] had a temple 四天王寺 built [in 593 AD]. He decided to have [今宮戎神社] enshrine 西方の守護神 or 市場鎮護の神.

"As you know, Ebisu has a sea bream on his left side and a fishing rod on his right. His posture was originally the guardian deity of the fishing industry and symbolizes the god who brings products 幸 [ie, seafood] from the sea 海. Our shrine was once along the coast, and although there was a temporary suspension, from the middle of the Heian period on, we offered fresh fish to the palace as our duty/ obligation to the court 朝役.

(iii) Ebisu (mythology)  恵比須, 恵比寿, 夷, 戎
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebisu_(mythology)
(d) Naniwa-ku 浪速区, Osaka  

Part of downtown Osaka, 浪速区 was created in 1925 from 南区, and named after "古歌「難波津に 咲くやこの花 冬ごもり 今は春べと 咲くやこの花」（難波津の歌 [pronounced: naniwa 難波 -zu 津 -no-uta 歌 (なにわづのうた)]." ja.wikipedia.org.


(4) Azabu Kadowaki  麻布 かどわき (chef Toshiya Kadowaki; the restaurant is "tucked away on a quiet backstreet in Azabu," Tokyo.  from the Web.
(a) Toshiya KADOWAKI  門脇 俊哉 (waki 脇 means armpit.)
(b) Azabu 麻布 is a neighborhood in 東京都港区. 六本木 is a sub-neighborhood within the north of 麻布.
(c) "The name Azabu literally means hemp cloth. Until the early Edo period, the area was agricultural."  en.wikipedia.org for Azabu.

This might explain origin of the name, though I fail to find  out for certain.
​

(6) three-way ties:
(a) Joël Robuchon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Robuchon
was a French chef.
(b)
(i) 京都の老舗料亭 菊乃井
https://kikunoi.jp
(ii) Kikunoi Honten
https://guide.michelin.com/us/en ... rant/kikunoi-honten
(iii) A ryōtei 料亭 is characterized as "高価・高級" and serving "純日本料理" in ja.wiokipedis.org, which offers Kyoto's 吉兆 as 具体例.
(iv) from the Web regarding the restaurant name:
• "The name Kikunoi (literally 'chrysanthemum well') comes from a nearby well, now lost, which legend has it that it looked a bit like a chrysanthemum flower in full bloom."
• "The origin of the restaurant’s name, “Kikunoi”, came about in the 16th century when feudal lord Toyotomi Hideyoshi's wife, Nene, was visiting a teahouse and when she drew water from its well, the water sprang from the well like the blossoming of chrysanthemum flowers. Thus, the name 'Kikunoi' or 'Chrysanthemum Well' was given to the restaurant when it opened. Kikunoi has protected this well from generation to generation and continues to use the well's water in its cooking."
(c) Gion Maruyama  祇園丸山
https://gionmaruyama.com/
(i) In the top horizontal bar:
• Click the ご挨拶 (pronounced go-aisatsu and meaning greetings) tab, and you will see 丸山 嘉桜  MARUYAMA Yoshio. The yoshi corresponds to 嘉, but 桜 is nowhere to be found. The o is almost always represented by kanji 雄; 男; 夫.
• Click the  店舗情報 tab in the top horizontal bar, and you will learn there is a honten and there is a branch. The former is located at 京都府京都市東山区 祇園町.
(ii) "主人丸山嘉桜が1988年（昭和63年）に祇園丸山を開店."  from the Web.   Before starting his restaurant, 丸山嘉桜 worked at 菊乃井 as 料理長.


(9) French chef Guy Savoy founded and operates "Restaurant Guy Savoy"
https://www.guysavoy.com
(Paris)
, which has a branch at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas.
https://www.caesars.com/caesars-palace/restaurants/guy-savoy
(10) Piazza Duomo Alba
https://www.piazzaduomoalba.it/en/
(a) Clock "ENRICO CRIPPA" in the center of the Web page, and you will see the chef: "Enrico Crippa was born in Carate Brianza in 1971. * * * In 2003, he met the Ceretto family, with whom he started the Alba restaurant project, Piazza Duomo, in 2005. His talent and commitment were awarded Michelin stars: the first came in 2006, the second in 2009, and the third in 2012."
(b) The restaurant is located in Alba, Piedmont.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba,_Piedmont
(c) Piazza del Duomo, Altamura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piazza_del_Duomo,_Altamura   
(also piazza Duomo)
is in Altamura, Italy. My Web search finds nothing to to with Piazza Duomo Alba.
(i) However Alba has its own Piazza Duomo. See
Find Hotels near Piazza Duomo, Alba
https://www.agoda.com/en-sg/hote ... it.html?cid=1844104
(Alba is famous for popular attractions like Piazza Duomo")
(ii) Italian-English dictionary:
* duomo (noun masculine; etymology): "the principal church of a city"
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duomo